the difference between Hashimoto encephalopathy and myxedema coma粘液水腫性昏睡は高度の甲状腺機能低下症の状態に感染・外傷などの誘因が加わって，低体温・呼吸不全・循環不全および中枢神経系機能障害をきたす病態である．一方，橋本脳症は自己免疫異常を基盤とし，抗NAE抗体と呼ばれる自己抗体が中枢神経系を傷害することで意識障害や精神症状をきたす疾患であり，甲状腺機能と関係なく発症することが注意点である．粘液水腫性昏睡は甲状腺ホルモンの補充で改善するのに対し，橋本脳症はステロイドが奏効する endocrinology国試過去3回 Oct 5, 2020, 6:47 PM HirotoShishido
somatostatinoma
symptomstumor of pancreatic D cells
☆biliary gallstones(due to ↓cholecystokinin), steatorrhea
(may present with diabetes mellitus) endocrinology Dec 28, 2019, 9:11 PM HirotoShishido
synthetic analog of aldosteronefludrocortisone
(with a little glucocorticoid effects)
mineralocorticoid replacement in 1° adrenal deficiency endocrinology Dec 28, 2019, 7:23 PM HirotoShishido
neprilysin
mechanism, hypothermia☆metalloprotease that inactivates several peptide hormones including ☆ANP, BNP, glucagon, substance P etc.
hypothermia→
central blood volume increases→ baroreceptors (will register this relative increase as volume overload and) increase the rate of firing→
downregulate ADH ,neprilysin→
↓ADH, ↓neprilysin, ↑ANP, ↑BNP→
increase urinary frequency cardiovascularendocrinology Dec 31, 2019, 12:46 AM HirotoShishido
neurophysin Ⅰ, ⅡⅠ→ the carrier protein required for oxytocin
(knockout mouse→☆absent let-down reflex(催乳反射))
glucagon
signal pathwayG-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that activates adenylyl cyclase to produce an increase in intracellular ☆cAMP endocrinology Dec 9, 2019, 12:07 AM HirotoShishido
how to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous causes of hyperinsulinemiaa low C-peptide level in the setting up hyperinsulinemia indicates exogenous insulin administration
chromogranin
neoplasmneuroendocrine tumors
(SCLC, carcinoid syndrome) endocrinology Oct 14, 2019, 12:29 AM HirotoShishido
symptom management for hyperthyroidismpropranolol is indicated(β-blocker)
The symptoms of hyperthyroidism are due primarily to increased β-adrenergic outflow stimulated by excessive thyroid hormone release. endocrinologypharmacology Oct 17, 2019, 4:18 AM HirotoShishido
medications which increase endogenous insulin secretionsulfonylureas
